Bengbu and Qingdao grouting material - the freezing and thawing of the grouting material deterioration of the process description 
 1, holes dryness cracking process of freeze-thaw cycle, due to the difference between chemical energy between the ice water, ice holes in the water to the adjacent ice punch migration holes dehydration, the parts of the local dry holes, causing local contraction, to be bound by the surrounding grout, resulting in tensile stress, the formation of micro cracks in the hole. This dry micro-cracks may be very small, first, because of the slow moisture migration between the pore, although the role of moisture migration between adjacent pore, but the effective mobility in a freeze-thaw cycle time is limited, especially in the experimental under laboratory conditions, the frozen surface of the advancing speed quickly, without ice hole to reach the frozen state in a relatively short period of time, the chemical energy difference disappears, migration stop; but because of the dehydration of the pore aperture is small, dry areas with very small absolute shrinkage is minimal, less than a shrinkage cracking the. 
 Holes caused by dehydration drying shrinkage cracks is very limited, the temperature gradient caused by inhomogeneous deformation of grouting material can not cause significant injury, so cause the cracking of the grout material is the tensile stress in the grouting compound. 
 2, the saturation of the large hole to freeze expansion cracks due to the freezing point of the receive aperture, the size of the pores of the same location is not at the same time freezing (melting), formation of ice water coexistence state, ice water between the chemical can lead to poor moisture migration, large improve the degree of pore filling water, especially the large holes of the surface layer, after several freeze-thaw cycle, due to external enough water source, the internal moisture to the surface layer concentrated high degree, there may be sufficient water or even saturated, then freeze Results hole wall, the ice will cause stress, tensile stress in the matrix, when the ice pressure reaches a certain level, the matrix tensile stress exceeds the tensile limit, there could be cracks in the grout, Bengbu grouting materials, the Qingdao grouting material cause deterioration and destruction. 
 The resulting cracks in the freeze-thaw fantasy process of grouting material, Bengbu, grout, grouting material specimen Qingdao, effective cross-sectional area decreases, resulting in decreased lateral stiffness, the dynamic elastic modulus lower. If the crack is connected with each other to form a closed crack surface, is surrounded by the crack surface part will be separated from the specimen. If the cracks in the specimen is uniformly distributed, then when the cracks form a closed surface, the specimen will be disintegrated, not just the surface spalling. Freeze-thaw cycle, the surface of the layered peeling, the surface layer cracking is very severe, cracks, most of the connectivity. 
 3, surface spalling of the reasons already mentioned, the freeze-thaw cycle in the process of moisture migration trend is to migrate to the large hole, migrate to the surface layer, the surface pore melt to form a negative pressure absorbent full external water, it is easy to reach saturation. cracks lead to the freezing and thawing, the formation of damage. The visible surface of the pore freezing and thawing lead to cracking of the surrounding matrix more easily than the internal pore, which is an important reason leading to surface spalling. At the same time it should be noted that an external water source is a key factor in the impact of freezing and thawing surface spalling. 
 In addition, freezing and thawing, the big hole formation pore pressure, the surface layer hole and internal macroporous bound by the surrounding. For internal porosity, pore pressure increases the deformation by a three-way constraints, relative to the aperture, the surrounding matrix can be regarded as infinite, on the constraints of a strong pore deformation to cracking need to pore pressure may be much larger than the no constraints need to the pore pressure, the direction and the surface porosity, the situation is very different constraints in the two directions parallel to the surface deformation to be much easier in this direction, so freeze if the pore pressure deformation will be parallel to the surface of the crack, crack prone and in the same direction, making the cracks very easily connected, if at the same depth of crack connectivity, it will lead, as observed in the test had like peeling. 
 The porosity of the surface layer is easy to reach the absorbent saturated, disposal and surface orientation showed that the pore constraints on small, these two characteristics are internal pores do not have, it is precisely these two characteristics lead to very severe surface cracking when subjected to freeze-thaw cycles internal cracking is relatively mild, it will produce severe surface spalling of grout material, the Bengbu grout, Qingdao grouting material is not disintegration. 
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